Anton Pavlovich Chekhov short biography, interesting facts, his life and work. Brief biography of Chekhov, the most important thing: Illness and death

Biography

Li Zhen is a famous Chinese writer born in 1376 during the Ming Dynasty in China. He was also known by the name Li Changqi.

He wrote short stories in the collection “Continuation of New Stories by the Burning Lamp,” the plot for which was taken by Li Zhen from “New Stories by the Burning Lamp,” a book by Qu Yu. The writer also has stories in the style of Song prose. One of these is “Notes on a Screen with Lotus Flowers.”

The famous Chinese prose writer died in 1452.

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Aitmatov Chingiz Torekulovich (born 1928), Kyrgyz writer.

Born on December 12, 1928 in the village of Sheker, Talas region, Kirghiz SSR, in the family of a teacher and party worker. His father was repressed in 1937. His grandmother, who lived in a mountain village, had a huge influence on the boy. Here Chingiz spent all the summer months. He listened to folk songs and fairy tales, and took part in nomadic celebrations.

In 1948, Aitmatov graduated from the Veterinary College, and in 1953 from the Agricultural Institute. He worked as a livestock technician for three years. At the same time, his first literary experiments appeared in local newspapers and magazines. In 1956, he entered the Higher Literary Courses in Moscow. Returning to his homeland, he edited the magazine “Literary Kyrgyzstan” and worked as a correspondent for the newspaper “Pravda” in Kyrgyzstan. In 1958, Novy Mir published the story “Djamila” about the “illegal” love of a married Kyrgyz woman, written from the perspective of a teenager. The very next year it was translated into French by the famous writer Louis Aragon. Aitmatov gained international fame.

In 1963, for the book “Tales of Mountains and Steppes” (in addition to “Jamili”, it included “The First Teacher”, “Camel’s Eye” and “My Poplar in a Red Scarf”) Aitmatov received the Lenin Prize. The main feature of these works is the combination of moral and philosophical issues with the poetics of the traditional East. Folklore and mythological motifs also play a decisive role in the story “Farewell, Gyulsary!” (1965-1966).

They are especially strong in the story-parable “The White Steamship” (1970): the tragic story of a seven-year-old boy unfolds in parallel with the legend of the Horned Mother Deer - the guardian of the clan, the deified embodiment of kindness. In the story “The Piebald Dog Running by the Edge of the Sea” (1977), the writer moved the action to mythical ancient times on the shores of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Imbued with faith in a higher power, the fishermen sacrifice themselves in a storm to save the child.

Aitmatov’s main theme - the fate of an individual as a representative of the entire human race - acquired a new dimension in the novels “And the Day Lasts Longer than a Century” (“Burnaya Stopstation”, 1980) and “The Scaffold” (1986). In the first, the description of the real life of Central Asia is combined not only with myths, but also with fantasy (we are talking about interplanetary contacts).

In “The Scaffold,” which touches on the most pressing problems of the late 20th century. (destruction of the natural environment, drug addiction), the author turns to the search for God. The inserted biblical scene (a conversation between Jesus and Pilate) caused an avalanche of controversy - the writer was accused of imitating M.A. Bulgakov and “exploiting a high topic.”

However, most readers and critics appreciated the pathos of the work. In 1994, the warning novel “Cassandra’s Brand” was published. His hero is a Russian cosmonaut-researcher. The “probe rays” he discovered made it possible to reveal the reluctance of human embryos to see the light, so as not to participate in the further “mystery of World Evil.”

In the 70-80s. Aitmatov actively participated in the social and political life of the country: he was the secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR and the Union of Cinematographers of the USSR, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; after perestroika, he was a member of the Presidential Council and headed the journal Foreign Literature. Since 1990 he has been in diplomatic work.

He died on June 10, 2008 in a hospital in the German city of Nuremberg in the clinic where he was undergoing treatment. He was buried on June 14 in the historical and memorial complex “Ata-Beyit” in the suburbs of Bishkek.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, undoubtedly outstanding Russian writer.

It is impossible to briefly describe Chekhov’s work; it is multifaceted and deep, touching with its directness and captivating with the writer’s wit, and the biography of Anton Pavlovich is very interesting and unusual.

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Childhood

The life of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was not easy. Into the light great Russian playwright appeared in the city of Taganrog on January 17, 1860. There were six children in the family. His father was a merchant, and from a very early age the boy and his brothers helped their parents in the shop. Since childhood, Anton wanted to become a writer and loved to sing in the church choir.

His parents sent him to study at a Greek gymnasium, but he studied there for only two years, because the teacher was bad, forced the students to memorize every line of new material and severely punished the children. Afterwards, Anton Pavlovich studied at a gymnasium, where he received a good education and met many talented people. Anton was fond of theater and took part in home productions of his friend Andrei Drossi. Chekhov's first poem It was written during my school years. Moreover, it was published in a handwritten journal under the pseudonym Antosha Chekhonte.

When misfortune befell Chekhov's family and his father lost most of his savings, the whole family had to move to Moscow. Anton remained in Taganrog to complete his studies. Afterwards he enters Moscow university where he studies medicine with interest. In 1884, after graduating from the university, Anton Pavlovich left Moscow and went to Voznesensk to get a job and work county doctor. The years of study were not easy for Chekhov. For lack of money, he had to look for various types of income: Anton Pavlovich tutored, collaborated with newspapers and magazines, and tried out many types of activities.

Working as a district doctor, the writer does not forget about creation and writes some of his most popular stories. After several years of hard work, Chekhov gets the position of head of the hospital. It is not surprising that the main theme of his work at that time was medicine.

Formation of a creative path

In 1885, the writer went to the village of Babkino, where he met the artist Levitan. They became great friends and this friendship had a beneficial effect on Chekhov's work. A year later, Anton Pavlovich began collaborating with the newspaper "New Time". In it, he published materials that for the first time he signed not under a pseudonym, but with his own name.

A year later, in 1887, Anton Pavlovich’s first play “Ivanov” was staged. It received varied reviews, but was nonetheless a notable success.

Sakhalin

His stay on Sakhalin had a significant influence on Anton Pavlovich’s work. The trip took place in 1890 and was quite short. But, despite its transience, the writer was able to appreciate the arbitrariness committed by officials, writing his book “Sakhalin Island” under the impression.

It was she who served as the impetus for the start of an investigation into all offenses committed by those in power.

During the trip with the writer tuberculosis worsens, but despite this, Anton Pavlovich, not wanting to stay in one place, visits many countries: Italy, France, China, Turkey and Japan.

Social activity

Everyone knows that Chekhov was a man with a kind soul. He acquired an estate in Melikhovo, where the writer equipped first-aid posts and schools for peasants who were suffering at that time from hunger, which was caused by the long drought of 1892. Chekhov happily receives guests, plants trees and does his best to help those in need.

At this time, such famous works as “The Cherry Orchard”, “Three Sisters” and “The Seagull” were written. The latter's production in 1898 turned out to be very successful and established Chekhov as an excellent playwright.

The writer was also actively involved in public life in Crimea; became a trustee of a girls' gymnasium, helped the sick and contributed to the construction of new schools.

Last years

Unfortunately, the disease does not go away. And in 1990, the writer was forced to go to Europe for treatment of increasingly worsening tuberculosis.

A year later, Anton Pavlovich marries Olga Knipper, who managed to make the writer happy in the last years of his life. Another joyful event illuminates the patient’s life: Chekhov’s most famous play “The Cherry Orchard” is finally staged.

In 1904, the writer and his wife left for Germany for treatment, but his condition did not improve at all.

On July 15 of the same year, Chekhov announced to the called doctor that he would soon die, drank a glass of champagne and died quietly in his bed.

Interesting facts from the biography of Anton Pavlovich

Chronological table of Chekhov's works

• 1877 - Chekhov's first play without a title
• 1884 - publication of the collection “Tales of Melpomene”
• 1887 - “At Twilight”, comedy “Ivanov”
• 1890 - collection “Gloomy People”
• 1893 - completion of the book “Sakhalin Island”
• 1896 - play “The Seagull”
• 1898 - trilogy “Man in a Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”
• 1901 - play “Three Sisters”
• 1904 - “The Cherry Orchard”

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a world famous writer and playwright. His plays are staged not only in Russia, they have also won the love of foreign audiences. From the article you will learn some facts from Chekhov’s biography that influenced the development of the writer’s personality. We will also look at a brief summary of some of his works.

Biography of Chekhov (short)

On January 29, 1860, little Antosha was born in Taganrog. His grandfather was a serf, but managed to redeem himself and his family by working tirelessly. His sons, Pavel and Mitrofan, opened their own stores.

The father of the future playwright was a real despot. He was very strict with children. Through flogging, he tried to instill in them a love of religion. Naturally, as a result, little Anton, since childhood, had an aversion to everything that was connected with God’s word. At the same time, his mother loved the children very much, took care of them and protected them from their father. It was she who instilled in Anton Pavlovich a love of nature and the world around him.

In total there were six children in the family. The father loved music very much, so his five sons had to sing in the church choir. In addition, theatrical scenes were often staged at home.

The writer's school years

At the age of six, Anton entered a Greek school, where he studied for two years. The education there was poor; the teacher forced the children to learn the material by heart and punished them with canes for disobedience.

Chekhov's next place of study was the gymnasium. There the writer received a good education and met talented people. It was while studying at the gymnasium that Chekhov wrote his first poem, which was published in a handwritten journal. He signed it with a pseudonym - Chekhonte.

By 1876, the writer's father went bankrupt and moved with his family to Moscow. Anton Pavlovich remains in Taganrog to complete his studies. Then he enters Moscow University, where he studies medicine. In 1884 he moved to Voznesensk, where he worked as a district doctor. But the writer does not give up creativity. Some famous stories were written at this time, including “Surgery.”

A couple of years later, Chekhov becomes the head of a hospital in Zvenigorod. The writer's main stories during this period are related to medicine. For example, “Siren”, “Dead Body”.

The beginning of a creative journey

How does Chekhov's biography continue? A brief history of his further path is as follows: in 1885 he went to the Babkino estate, where he lived for a long time. There he met the artist Levitan. Their communication had a beneficial effect on Chekhov's work. A year later, Anton Pavlovich became an employee of the newspaper “Novoe Vremya”. He wrote materials for her, which he began to sign with his name. In 1887, Chekhov’s first play “Ivanov” was staged on the stage of the Moscow Korsh Theater. Despite the fact that it received mixed reviews from viewers, it was a success.

Trip to Sakhalin

This happened in 1890, according to the official biography of Chekhov. The short trip to Sakhalin was a great success. Chekhov saw the arbitrariness of officials that was happening on the island. The collected materials served as the basis for the book “Sakhalin Island”. Thanks to her, investigations into bureaucratic arbitrariness were launched.

During the trip, Chekhov's tuberculosis, which he had suffered from since childhood, worsened. Returning from the island, the writer does not want to sit still and goes on a journey. He visited Japan, Italy, France, China, Turkey.

Charity

Chekhov was not only an outstanding writer, but also a noble man. In 1892, a difficult time came in Russia - drought destroyed crops, people were starving.

With his own money, Anton Pavlovich purchases an estate in Melikhovo, where he opens schools and a first-aid post for peasants. He also takes part in road construction and planting trees. His house is always full of guests.

Crimea

In 1898, the writer moved to Crimea for permanent residence. This period is characterized by Chekhov's active social life. He treats the sick, gives money for the construction of schools, and becomes a trustee of a girls' gymnasium.

last years of life

In 1900, the writer’s illness worsened, and he went to Europe for treatment. Unfortunately, tuberculosis is not going away.

In 1901, Chekhov married actress Olga Knipper, who played leading roles in his plays. They lived together for three years, as Chekhov’s biography reports. A short family life made the last few years of the writer’s life happy. In 1904, the playwright’s most famous play, “The Cherry Orchard,” debuted on stage.

Together with his wife, the writer goes to Germany for treatment, but the illness takes its toll. On July 15, 1904, at two o'clock in the morning, a doctor was called to see Chekhov. The writer told the man that he was dying and asked for a glass of champagne. After drinking it, Chekhov went to bed and soon died.

“Horse surname”

In 1885, this story was published, as Chekhov’s biography testifies. We will consider a brief summary of it below. Retired general Buldeev had a toothache. The doctor could not help, and the main character was getting worse. His clerk advised him to consult a doctor who heals with spells. But he forgot his last name. She only remembers that she is simple, like a horse. They tried different names - Kobylin, Zherebchikov, and Loshakov.

In the morning, the general could not stand it and sent for a doctor to pull out the bad tooth. Having done the job, the doctor went home. Having met the clerk, he decided to buy oats from him. And here it is - insight! The doctor's last name is Ovsov!

"Thick and thin"

The satirical story was written in 1883, according to Chekhov's biography. A brief summary of the work is in front of you.

At the station, two school friends met - Tolsty and Thin. Both began to talk about what they had achieved in life. So, Thin works as a collegiate assessor, he doesn’t have enough money, so he earns money by teaching music lessons and making cigarette cases for sale. Tolstoy, in turn, rose to the rank of Privy Councilor. Having learned about this, Thin began to grovel before his old comrade. Tolstoy did not like this, so he soon left.

A few words in conclusion

We reviewed the biography of Anton Chekhov. We briefly covered all the important dates in the life of the writer and playwright. We also got acquainted with his satirical stories. The biography and work of Chekhov were interesting. We tried to review them briefly but succinctly.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, famous Russian writer and playwright, was born on January 29, 1860. in Taganrog in a large merchant family. As a child, he sang in the church choir, read a lot, and from the age of 13 he became addicted to the theater. He graduated from high school, then the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University, and upon graduation received the specialty of a district doctor. He began writing while still in high school and published his first collection of stories in 1884.

Chekhov loved to travel, in 1890. traveled to Sakhalin, and a little later visited Japan, China, Turkey, Austria, Italy, France. Upon his return, he acquired an estate in Melikhovo near Moscow, where he lived for almost 10 years, was actively involved in charity work and wrote his most famous works. The writer spent the last years of his life in Yalta, where he was forced to move due to worsening tuberculosis.

In 1904, Chekhov, accompanied by his wife O.L. Knepper, an actress of the Moscow Art Theater, goes for treatment to Badenweiler (Germany) and there, at the age of 44, dies on July 15. He was buried in Russia at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent, and in 1933. his remains were reburied. His literary heritage amounted to more than 350 works, many of which were later translated into more than 100 foreign languages.

More biography of Chekhov

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer, playwright, outstanding figure, and also a doctor by training.

The writer was born in the city of Taganrog on January 17 (29), 1860. Anton Pavlovich's close relatives professed the Christian faith, so Chekhov often sang in the parish church on church holidays. He received his primary education partly at home, partly at a gymnasium school. Then he studied at Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine. As a result, he worked as a doctor in various medical institutions.

The beginning of his literary career should be considered 1884, when his first collection “Tales of Melpomene” was published. In the 90s of the 19th century, Chekhov made a trip to Sakhalin, where he was sent because the local residents needed medical care and a population census. The works written there, “Ward No. 6”, “Sakhalin Island”, “In Exile”, reflect the experiences and feelings of the author experienced during the trip. The works of A.P. Chekhov were greatly influenced by the work of L. Tolstoy. Chekhov signed his first works with pseudonyms such as: “The Man Without a Spleen”, “Antosha Chekhonte”, etc. It is believed that he did this because he was afraid of criticism from readers. In the later years of his life, Anton Pavlovich wrote mainly plays and plays: “The Cherry Orchard”, “The Seagull”, “Three Sisters”. All his works always had one goal. The writer wanted to open the readers' eyes to the world of that time and ridicule the vices of many high-ranking people who were considered ideal. Many of Chekhov's works are still staged in the most famous theaters in the world. Interestingly, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is one of the most famous authors, whose plays have been staged the largest number of times all over the world.

A little later, Chekhov decides to go to St. Petersburg, where he meets Suvorin. They go on a joint trip to Europe. In just a couple of months, Anton Pavlovich visits Venice, Rome, Naples, Vienna, Paris, Nice.

But Chekhov was not only a writer and playwright. In 1892 - 1899, the writer bought a house on the Melikhovo estate, where he was active in charitable and social activities. Here he opens a school for peasant children, donates money for the construction of roads, plants trees, and receives many guests. He is building his own library, which he himself sponsors and replenishes with new copies of interesting books, is engaged in the construction of a new research observatory, and helps financially to kindergartens and schools.

Due to illness, Chekhov moved to Yalta. There he is visited by close friends and acquaintances A. Kuprin, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, M. Gorky, I. Levitan.

The writer went to Germany in 1904 to undergo treatment, but due to an exacerbation of the disease, he died on July 2.

Monuments to the great playwright and humorist of the 19th century have been erected throughout Russia. Also, there is a Chekhov house museum, where he spent his last years of life. Interestingly, a crater on Mercury and an asteroid in the asteroid belt are named after Chekhov.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.